Preparing & Storing Animal Feed for Tough Times: A South African Farmer’s Guide

In South Africa, farming is a constant dance with the climate. Our weather patterns can shift from abundant grazing seasons to harsh, dry winters in just a few months. For livestock farmers, one of the biggest challenges is ensuring that animals receive consistent, high-quality nutrition year-round — especially during the colder months when natural forage is scarce.

Preparing and storing animal feed in advance is more than just good practice — it can mean the difference between maintaining healthy, productive animals and facing costly losses.

Why Planning Ahead is Critical

1. Seasonal Forage Shortages

In many parts of South Africa, grazing quality drops significantly in winter. Grass becomes dry, less nutritious, and less abundant. This decline in natural feed availability means farmers must rely on stored feed to meet the nutritional needs of their herds.

2. Price Fluctuations

Feed prices often rise during the colder months due to increased demand and reduced supply. By purchasing and storing feed during the summer or early autumn, farmers can avoid paying peak-season prices and protect their bottom line.

3. Nutritional Stability

Sudden drops in feed quality can impact milk production, meat yield, fertility rates, and overall animal health. Having a reliable supply of balanced feed ensures animals remain in top condition regardless of seasonal changes.

Types of Feed to Store for Winter

1. Silage

Silage is an excellent way to preserve forage crops such as maize or sorghum. Properly fermented and stored in silos or plastic wraps, silage maintains high nutritional value for months.

2. Hay

Hay is a long-standing favourite for winter feeding. It should be cut, dried, and stored under cover to protect it from moisture, which can lead to mould growth.

3. Concentrates & Pellets

Protein-rich pellets, grain mixes, and other concentrates can help boost energy levels when natural forage is insufficient. These are especially important for dairy cows, growing calves, and pregnant animals.

4. Byproducts & Alternative Feeds

In South Africa, citrus pulp, sugar beet pulp, and other agricultural byproducts can be affordable, nutritious supplements when prepared and stored correctly.

Best Practices for Feed Storage in South Africa

1. Choose the Right Storage Facilities

Feed should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated environment. For silage, airtight conditions are key to proper fermentation. For hay and pellets, raised flooring and waterproof covers prevent moisture damage.

2. Protect Against Pests

Rodents, birds, and insects can destroy feed supplies. Use rodent-proof containers, secure storage doors, and regular inspections to prevent infestations.

3. Maintain Nutritional Quality

Nutrient loss can occur if feed is exposed to heat, light, or moisture for too long. Rotate stock to ensure older feed is used first (“first in, first out” method).

4. Monitor Moisture Levels

In humid or coastal areas, high moisture can encourage mould growth. Invest in moisture meters or silica-based drying aids where necessary.

Budgeting & Planning for Winter Feed

1. Calculate Animal Needs – Work out the daily feed requirements for each livestock group. Multiply by the expected number of days you’ll rely on stored feed (often 90–120 days in many SA regions).

2. Buy in Bulk When Possible – Larger quantities often mean better prices and fewer supply interruptions.

3. Factor in Transport Costs – Buying early and arranging off-peak transport can save significantly.

   
   

The Bottom Line: Prepared Farmers Thrive

In South Africa’s unpredictable climate, preparedness is a form of insurance. By buying and storing feed well before winter arrives, you:

• Guarantee consistent animal nutrition

• Avoid inflated seasonal prices

• Reduce stress during harsh weather

• Improve herd health and productivity year-round

Whether you farm in the Eastern Cape’s grassy hills, the dry Free State plains, or the humid KwaZulu-Natal coast, the principle is the same:Prepare now, feed well later.